Essay about American History The Declaration of...

The Glorious Pages of our Past America the free, America the just, America†¦ the hypocrite? How could a country known for its democratic fairness be called a hypocrite? It is said that in America one can be free, treated equally, and have the opportunity to live a normal-peaceful life. But those few people who actually witness and analyze the true actions performed in America tell a different story. These rational human beings say it is filled with control, manipulation, and discrimination. Injustice is no stranger to anyones life in this country. With this the United Sates hypocritically promotes equality, although it has never been absolutely achieved. For over 200 years the United States has based its beliefs and praises on two†¦show more content†¦In the novel Roots, written by Alex Haley, Haley goes through his family lineage beginning with the protagonist of the novel, Kunta Kinte. Kunta Kinte is abducted by his own people and given to the toubob (white people) and brought to Americas through the Middle Passage. The Middle Passage was a route during the 16th-18th century in the form of a triangle. This route went from European countries (where potential toubob came from) to the west African countries (from where the natives would be taken against their will and/or stolen from different tribes) then brought to the Americas to be sold and exploited for labor. In Roots we are told of Kunta Kintes pain and suffering during the middle passage. This includes the telling of how the ship in which Kunta was brought in tortured all the natives. As stated in the novel the Africans were shoved and lashed along to wherever they were to be chained...(201). From these actions he learned that when anyone didnt cry out from a blow, he would get a severe beating until he did (204). Along with constant abuse, Haley also depicts the conditions of the boat, that held over 500 Africans in a small space, as urine, vomit, and feces that reeked everywhere arou nd him had spread into slick paste covering the hard planking of the long shelves (207). and when the toubob came down to the holding [the toubob] almost immediately began vomiting worse than any of the others who had come before (207). These gruesomeShow MoreRelatedThe Declaration Of Independence Is The Founding Document Of American History1362 Words   |  6 PagesThe Declaration of Independence is the founding document of American history and has been included among one of the best documents to be written in the history of the United States of America. This declaration basically has five parts though not distinctively labeled. These parts are the introduction, preamble, the Indictment of King George III, the denunciation of the British people and the conclusion. The writers of this document are able to pass their message across through the use ofRead MoreAmerican History: Life After the Declaration of Independence 1184 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Since the Declaration of Independence was drafted founding itself on individual privileges and choice, happiness and democracy, a multitude of concerns have kindled the rights disputes that we see making law an active and continually growing and interesting area of interest today. Issues arose included women suffrage, civil equality, slavery, the ability to hold a religious forum, along with many others. And, though the context and times have significantly changed with these concernsRead MoreThe Declaration Of Independence1330 Words   |  6 Pagesfundamental American idyllic government, is part of the opening paragraph of the most significant of all American historical documents, the Declaration of Independence. 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By gaining their Independence, American colonists were finally able to confirm an officialRead MoreUnited States Declaration of Independence Analysis Essay1075 Words   |  5 PagesMy document is going to analyze the â€Å"United States Declaration of Independence† which was published on July 4th, 1776. It was written by Thomas Jefferson and adopted by the Second Continental Congress, states the reasons the British colonies of North America sought independence in July of 1776. The declaration opens with a preamble describing the documents necessity, in explaining why the colonies have overthrown their ruler, and chosen to take their place as a separate nation, and to be independentRead MoreEssay On The Declaration Of Independence778 Words   |  4 Pages On July 4th, 1776, the Declaration of Independence was signed by the founding fathers, thus implementing the foundation of the American government. 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ItRead MoreThe Declaration of Independence: Americas Foundation Essay example1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe issue the Declaration of Independence being a legal document has been up for debate in courts for many years now. Although, the Declaration of Independence clarifies the United States identity as a free nation, it has generated intense controversy. Some feel strongly that it did not clearly define the new powers that the thirteen colonies would acquire and did not define the ident ity of the United States; while, others firmly believe that without the Declaration of Independence the United StatesRead MoreGettysburg Address Versus Declaration of Independence Essay1472 Words   |  6 PagesLincoln’s Address Versus Jefferson’s Declaration Two of the most important, and, perhaps the two most important documents in American history are the Declaration of Independence and the Gettysburg Address. 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The Is A Boy Or A Girl - 1352 Words

The minute we are born in this world, our gender is introduced. Our society identify us either a boy or a girl. One way to identity our gender is by distinguishing certain characteristics such as our sex organ. Our society characterized our gender in certain roles and expectations as soon as we are born. For example, once a parent delivers a boy, the parents may dress the baby in blue and decorate the baby’s room with sports or animal cartoons. The color blue is believed to be a masculine color and sports scenery is portrayed to be tough. In contrast, if it’s a girl, the baby may be dressed in pink because the color pink is seen as a softer and feminine. In our society, choosing different colors, clothing or type of toys are ways to identify once gender. In addition to appearance or types of materials once gender use, our society also identify someone’s gender by their attitude, behavior or position. (Rusiano, 2013) This week’s critical thinking assignment is to select two popular magazines at a local market. One to target male and the other is to target women. I have decided to pick up Men’s Journal for men’s magazine and Cosmopolitan for women’s magazine. The cover for the Men’s Journal 2016 is a photo of a motorcycle with red and black and with its title â€Å"The Toys of Summer† (Men’s Journal, 2016) Inside of the magazine includes different types of automobiles, outdoor sports/activities ideas, men’s clothing and food. The magazine’s main purpose is to target male who areShow MoreRelatedGirls, Boys, And Girls Essay1656 Words   |  7 PagesGirls, girls, girls! It seems that today that is all that is talked about, how girls should rule the world, girls can be powerful, and the girls need to shatter that glass ceiling. Society wants our girls to change the world, to be powerful, and at some times be soupier. 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Is it the intimate relationship between a boy and girl? Courtship? The relationship that holds a marriage together? Or is it just a typical relationship between a boy and girl? To be frank, it is all of the above stated. BGR is all about the relationship between a male and female whether it is intimate or not. Relationships are very important in our lives. It is what strives us to be whoRead MoreTheme Of Boys And Girls728 Words   |  3 Pagesstory â€Å"Boys and Girls† expands on this injustice by following the story of a young teenage girl slowly realizing what her place in the world is. The short story has been made into a short prizewinning film. The two versions are similar in terms of unfairness, and setting, but differ in terms of the impact one’s parents has on them and the ending. Early on, in both the movie and the short story, the young narrator, Margaret, is confronted by people who believe her job should be done by a boy. 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International English Language Testing System Free Essays

Candidate Number Candidate Name ______________________________________________ International English Language Testing System Listening Practice test 40 minutes Time 40 minutes Instructions to candidates Do not open this question paper until you are told to do so. Write your name and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page. Listen to the instructions for each part of the paper carefully. We will write a custom essay sample on International English Language Testing System or any similar topic only for you Order Now Answer all the questions. While you are listening, write your answers on the question paper. You will have 10 minutes at the end of the test to copy your answers onto the separate answer sheet. Use a pencil. At the end of the test, hand in this question paper. Information for candidates There are four parts to the test. You will hear each part once only. There are 40 questions. Each question carries one mark. For each part of the test, there will be time for you to look through the questions and time for you to check your answers. Section 1 Questions 1–10 Questions 1–5 Complete the notes below. Write no more than two words and/or a number for each answer. Transport from Bayswater Example Answer Destination Harbour City †¢ †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ †¢ Express train leaves at 1 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢ †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ †¢ Nearest station is 2 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢ †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Number 706 bus goes to 3 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢ †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ †¢ Number 4 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. bus goes to station †¢ †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ †¢ Earlier bus leaves at 5 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Questions 6–10 Complete the table below. Write no more than one word and/or a number for each answer. Transport Cash fare Card fare Bus 6 $ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ $1. 50 Train (peak) $10 $10 Train (off-peak) – before 5pm or after 7 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ pm) $10 9 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ferry $4. 50 $3. 55 Tourist ferry (10 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦) $35 – Tourist ferry (whole day) $65 – 8 $ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Section 2 Questions 11–20 Questions 11–14 Which counsellor should you see? Write the correct letter, A, B or C, next to questions 11–14. A Louise Bagshaw B Tony Denby C Naomi Flynn 1 if it is your first time seeing a counsellor 12 if you are unable to see a counsellor during normal office hours 13 if you do not have an appointment 14 if your concerns are related to a nxiety Questions 15–20 Complete the table below. Write no more than two words for each answer. Workshop Content Target group Adjusting what you need to succeed academically 15 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ students Getting Organised use time effectively, find 16 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ between study and leisure Communicating talking with staff, communicating across cultures Anxiety 18 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦, breathing techniques, meditation, etc. all students all students, especially 17 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ tudents about to sit exams 19 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ staying on track for long periods 20 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ students only Section 3 Questions 21–30 Questions 21–30 Complete the notes below. Write no more than three words for each answer. Novel: 21 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Prot agonists: Mary Lennox; Colin Craven Time period: Early in 22 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Plot: Mary UK – meets Colin who thinks he’ll never be able to 23 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ . They become friends. Point of view: â€Å"Omniscient† – narrator knows all about characters’ feelings, opinions and 24 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Audience: Good for children – story simple to follow Symbols (physical items that represent 25 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦): †¢ the robin redbreast 26 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¢ the portrait of Mistress Craven Motifs (patterns in the story): †¢ the Garden of Eden †¢ secrecy – metaphorical and literal transition from 27 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Themes: Connections between †¢ 28 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and outlook †¢ 29 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ and well-being †¢ individuals and the need for 30 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Section 4 Questions 31–40 Questions 31–35 Complete the table below. Write one word only for each answer. Time Zone Outlook Time Perspectives Features Consequences Past Positive Remember good times, e. g. birthdays. 31 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Keep family records, photo albums, etc. Focus on disappointments, failures, bad decisions. Present Hedonistic Live for 32 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ; seek sensation; avoid pain. Fatalistic Life is governed by 33 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. , religious beliefs, social conditions. Life’s path can’t be changed. Future 34 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Prefer work to play. Don’t give in to temptation. Fatalistic Have a strong belief in life after death and importance of 35 †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. in life. Questions 36–40 Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. 36 We are all present hedonists A at school B at birth C while eating and drinking 37 American boys drop out of school at a higher rate than girls because A they need to be in control of the way they learn B they play video games instead of doing school work C they are not as intelligent as girls 38 Present-orientated children A do not realise present actions can have negative future effects B are unable to learn lessons from past mistakes C know what could happen if they do something bad, but do it anyway 39 If Americans had an extra day per week, they would spend it A working harder B building relationships C sharing family meals 40 Understanding how people think about time can help us A become more virtuous B work together better C identify careless or ambitious people Transcript Narrator: Test 1 You will hear a number of different recordings and you will have to answer questions on what you hear. There will be time for you to read the instructions and questions and you will have a chance to check your work. All the recordings will be played once only. The test is in 4 sections. At the end of the test you will be given 10 minutes to transfer your answers to an answer sheet. Now turn to section 1. Section 1 You will hear a conversation between a clerk at the enquiries desk of a transport company and a man who is asking for travel information. First you have some time to look at questions 1 to 5. 20 seconds] You will see that there is an example that has been done for you. On this occasion only the conversation relating to this will be played first. Woman: Good morning, Travel Link. How can I help you? Man: Good morning. I live in Bayswater and I’d like to get to Harbour City tomorrow before 11am. Woman: Well, to get to Bayswater †¦ Man: No, no. I l ive in Bayswater – my destination is Harbour City. Woman: Sorry. Right; so that’s Bayswater to Harbour City. Are you planning to travel by bus or train? Narrator: The man wants to go to Harbour City, so Harbour City has been written in the space. Now we shall begin. You should answer the questions as you listen because you will not hear the recording a second time. Listen carefully and answer questions 1 to 5. Woman: Good morning, Travel Link. How can I help you? Man: Good morning. I live in Bayswater and I’d like to get to Harbour City tomorrow before 11am. Woman: Well, to get to Bayswater †¦ Man: No, no. I live in Bayswater – my destination is Harbour City. Woman: Sorry. Right; so that’s Bayswater to Harbour City. Are you planning to travel by bus or train? Man: I don’t mind really, whichever option is faster, I suppose. Woman: Well, if you catch a railway express, that’ll get you there in under an hour †¦ Let’s see – yes, if you can make the 9. 30am express, I’d recommend you do that. Man: Great. Which station does that leave from? Woman: Helendale is the nearest train station to you. Man: Did you say Helensvale? woman: No, Helendale – that’s H-E-L-E-N-D-A-L-E Man: What’s the best way to get to the Helendale station then? Woman: Well, hang on a minute while I look into that †¦ Now, it seems to me that you have two options. Option one would be to take the 706 bus from the Bayswater Shopping Centre to Central Street. When you get there, you transfer to another bus which will take you to the station. Or, the second option, if you don’t mind walking a couple of kilometres, is to go directly to Central Street and get straight on the bus going to the train station. Man: Okay. Which bus is that? Woman: The 792 will take you to the station. Man: I guess the walk will be good for me so that might be the better option. What time do I catch the 792? Woman: There are two buses that should get you to the station on time: one just before nine o’clock and one just after. But look, at that time of the morning it might be better to take the earlier one just in case there’s a traffic jam or something. The 8. 55 is probably safer than the 9. 05. Man: Yeah, I don’t want to the miss the train, so I’ll be sure to get on the five- to-nine bus. Narrator: Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions 6 to 10. [20 seconds] Now listen and answer questions 6 to 10. Man: By the way, how much will I have to pay in fares? Woman: Well, you can get a ticket on the bus for $1. 80 cash and you’ll need $10 each way for the train. Wait, do you have a Travel Link Card? Man: No, but I can get one before tomorrow. Woman: Okay, well that’ll make it considerably cheaper then. The bus will cost $1. 50 each way, and the train will be – the train to Harbour City will †¦ still cost $10. 00 because you’ll be travelling during peak hours in the morning, so no savings there, I’m afraid. However, if you could come back at an off-peak time †¦ Man: What does that mean? Woman: Well, if you could start your return journey before 5pm or later than half past 7 in the evening †¦ Man: Actually, I wasn’t planning on coming back till at least 8 o’clock anyway. Woman: In that case, you can make quite a saving if you use your Travel Link Card. You did say you were planning to purchase one, didn’t you? Man: Yes, I’ll pick one up later today. Woman: Good – that would mean that your return train journey would only cost you $7. 15 with your card. Man: Thank you. Woman: Is there anything else I can help you with? Man: Actually, there is. Do you know if I can use the Travel Link Card on ferries? Woman: If you’re thinking of the Harbour City ferries that go back and forth between the north and south bank, those are the commuter ferries, then yes. A one-way trip costs $4. 50 but with your card you’d make a 20% saving and only pay $3. 55. Man: So, $3. 55 for the commuter ferry †¦What about the tour boats? Woman: You mean the tourist ferries that go upriver on sightseeing tours? No – they only take cash or credit card. They’re not part of the Travel Link Company. Man: Oh, I see. I don’t suppose you know the cost of a tour? Woman: In actual fact, I do, because I took a friend on the trip upriver just last week. We decided on the afternoon tour and that was $35 each but I understand that you can do the whole day for $65. Man: Thank you. You’ve been a great help. Woman: My pleasure. Enjoy your day out. Narrator: That is the end of section 1. You now have half a minute to check your answers. [30 seconds] Now turn to section 2. Narrator: Section 2 You will hear a guidance counsellor talking to a group of students. First you have some time to look at questions 11 to 14. [20 seconds] Listen carefully and answer questions 11 to 14. Speaker: Hello everyone. I’m the counselling administrator here at St. Ive’s College and I’ve been asked to come and talk to you about our counselling team and the services that we offer. We have three professional counsellors here at St. Ives: Louise Bagshaw, Tony Denby and Naomi Flynn. They each hold daily one-on-one sessions with students, but which counsellor you see will depend on a number of factors. If you’ve never used a counsellor before, then you should make an appointment with Naomi Flynn. Naomi specialises in seeing new students and offers a preliminary session where she will talk to you about what you can expect from counselling, followed by some simple questions about what you would like to discuss. This can be really helpful for students who are feeling a bit worried about the counselling process. Naomi is also the best option for students who can only see a counsellor outside office hours. She is not in on Mondays, but starts early on Wednesday mornings and works late on Thursday evenings, so you can see her before your first class or after your last class on those days. Louise staffs our drop-in centre throughout the day. If you need to see someone without a prior appointment then she is the one to visit. Please note that if you use this service then Louise will either see you herself, or place you with the next available counsellor. If you want to be sure to see the same counsellor on each visit, then we strongly recommend you make an appointment ahead of time. You can do this at reception during office hours or by using our online booking form. Tony is our newest addition to the counselling team. He is our only male counsellor and he has an extensive background in stress management and relaxation techniques. We encourage anyone who is trying to deal with anxiety to see him. Tony will introduce you to a full range of techniques to help you cope with this problem such as body awareness, time management and positive reinforcement. Narrator: Before you hear the rest of the talk, you have some time to look at questions 15 to 20. [20 seconds] Now listen and answer questions 15 to 20. Speaker: Each semester the counselling team runs a number of small group workshops. These last for two hours and are free to all enrolled students. Our first workshop is called Adjusting. We’ve found that tertiary education can come as a big shock for some people. After the structured learning environment of school, it is easy to feel lost. In this workshop, we will introduce you to what is necessary for academic success. As you might expect, we’re targeting first-year students with this offering. Getting organised follows on from the first workshop. Here, we’re going to help you break the habit of putting things off, get the most out of your time and discover the right balance between academic and recreational activities. With Getting organised, we’re catering to a broader crowd, which includes all undergraduates and postgraduates. Next up is a workshop called Communicating. The way people interact here may be quite different to what you’re used to, especially if you’ve come from abroad. We’ll cover an area that many foreign students struggle with – how to talk with teachers and other staff. We’ll cover all aspects of multicultural communication. International students tend to get a lot out of this class, so we particularly encourage you to come along, but I must say that sometimes students from a local background find it helpful too. So, everyone is welcome! The Anxiety workshop is held later on in the year and deals with something you will all be familiar with – the nerves and anxiety that come when exams are approaching. Many students go through their entire academic careers suffering like this, but you don’t have to. Come to this workshop and we’ll teach you all about relaxation and how to reathe properly, as well as meditation and other strategies to remain calm. We’ve tailored this workshop to anyone who is going to sit exams. Finally, we have the Motivation workshop. The big topic here is how to stay on target and motivated during long-term research projects. This workshop is strictly for research students, as less-advanced stude nts already have several workshops catering to their needs. Well, that’s it, thanks for your time. If you have any questions or want more information about our services, do come and see us at the Counselling Service. Narrator: That is the end of section 2. You now have half a minute to check your answers. [30 seconds] Now turn to section 3. Narrator: Section 3 You will hear a conversation between a tutor and two students who are preparing for an English literature test. First you have some time to look at questions 21 to 24. [20 seconds] Listen carefully and answer questions 21 to 24 Tutor: Hello Lorna, Ian. Glad you could make it. You’re the only two who put your names down for this literature tutorial so let’s get started, shall we? I want to run over some aspects of the novel, The Secret Garden, with ou before the test next week. Be sure to take some notes and ask questions if you need to. Ian: Hey Lorna, have you got a spare pen? Lorna: Sure, here you are. Tutor: Okay, so, the story follows two key characters – you should refer to them as protagonists – who go by the names of Mary Lennox and Colin Craven. The story is set shortly after the turn of the twentieth century, and the narrative tracks the development of the protagonists as they learn to overcome their own personal troubles together. Lorna: That’s quite a common storyline, isn’t it? Tutor: Yes, you’re right, Lorna. So, what can you tell me about the character of Mary? Lorna: Well, in the beginning she is an angry, rude child who is orphaned after a cholera outbreak and forced to leave India and move to the United Kingdom to her uncle’s house in Yorkshire. Tutor: That’s right – and there she meets Colin who spends his days in an isolated room, believing himself to be permanently crippled with no hope of ever gaining the ability to walk. The two strike up a friendship and gradually learn – by encouraging each other – that they can both become healthy, happy and fulfilled in life. Ian: Will we need to remember a lot of these details for the exam? Tutor: Just the basic outline. Examiners don’t want to read a plot summary – they know what the book is about. Focus on narrative techniques instead, such as point of view. Lorna: What’s that mean? Tutor: It’s all about how we see the story. This story, for example, is written from the perspective of what is called an â€Å"omniscient narrator†. Omniscient means all-knowing. So, as readers we get to see how all the characters feel about things, what they like and don’t like, and what their motivations are in the story. Narrator: Before you hear the rest of the conversation, you have some time to look at questions 25 to 30. [20 seconds] Now listen and answer questions 25 to 30. Ian: Won’t it be hard to write a technical analysis? After all, it’s a kids’ book. Tutor: Well, it was initially pitched at adults you know, but over the years it has become seen as a more youth-orientated work. And you’re right in a sense – the simple vocabulary and absence of foreshadowing make the story very easy to follow and ideally suited for children. But that doesn’t mean there isn’t much to analyse. Look at the symbolism, for instance. Lorna: Symbols are things, right? Material things – like objects – that stand for abstract ideas. Tutor: Absolutely, yes. And the author uses many of them. There’s the robin redbreast, for example, which symbolises the wise and gentle nature that Mary will soon adopt – note that the robin is described as â€Å"not at all like the birds in India†. Roses are used as well – as a personal symbol for Mistress Craven – you’ll see they’re always mentioned alongside her name. And Mistress Craven’s portrait can also be interpreted as a symbol of her spirit. Ian: Are symbols just another name for motifs? Tutor: No, motifs are a bit different. They don’t have as direct a connection with something the way that a symbol does. Motifs are simply recurring elements of the story that support the mood. Lorna: Are there any in this novel? Tutor: Yes, two very important ones. The Garden of Eden is a motif. It comes up a few times in connection with the garden of the story. And then you’ve got the role that secrets play in the story. In the beginning, everything is steeped in secrecy, and slowly the characters share their secrets and in the process move from darkness to lightness, metaphorically, but also in the ase of Colin, quite literally. His room in the beginning has the curtains drawn, and he appears at the end in the brightness of the garden. Ian: Anything else we need to know about? Tutor: Yes. Nearly all novels explore universal concepts that everyone has experienced – things like love, family, loneliness, friendship. These are called themes. The Secret Garden has a few themes that all centre on the idea of connections. The novel explores, for example, the way that health can determine and be determined by our outlook on life. As Colin’s health improves, so too do his perceptions of his strength and possibility. The author also examines the link between our environment and our physical and emotional prosperity. The dark, cramped rooms of the manor house stifle the development of our protagonists; the garden and natural environments allow them to blossom, just as the flowers do. Finally, this book looks at connections between individuals, namely Mary and Colin. This necessity of human companionship is the novel’s most significant theme – because none of their development as individuals would have occurred without their knowing each other. Well, that about sums it up, I think. Lorna: That’s a great help, thanks. Ian: Yes, thanks very much. Narrator: That is the end of section 3. You now have half a minute to check your answers. [30 seconds] Now turn to section 4. Narrator: Section 4 You will hear a talk on the topic of time perspectives. First you have some time to look at questions 31 to 40. [20 seconds] Listen carefully and answer questions 31 to 40. Speaker: Today, I’m going to be talking about time. Specifically I’ll be looking at how people think about time, and how these time perspectives structure our lives. According to social psychologists, there are six ways of thinking about time, which are called personal time zones. The first two are based in the past. Past positive thinkers spend most of their time in a state of nostalgia, fondly remembering moments such as birthdays, marriages and important achievements in their life. These are the kinds of people who keep family records, books and photo albums. People living in the past negative time zone are also absorbed by earlier times, but they focus on all the bad things – regrets, failures, poor decisions. They spend a lot of time thinking about how life could have been. Then, we have people who live in the present. Present hedonists are driven by pleasure and immediate sensation. Their life motto is to have a good time and avoid pain. Present fatalists live in the moment too, but they believe this moment is the product of circumstances entirely beyond their control; it’s their fate. Whether it’s poverty, religion or society itself, something stops these people from believing they can play a role in changing their outcomes in life. Life simply â€Å"is† and that’s that. Looking at the future time zone, we can see that people classified as future active are the planners and go-getters. They work rather than play and resist temptation. Decisions are made based on potential consequences, not on the experience itself. A second future-orientated perspective, future fatalistic, is driven by the certainty of life after death and some kind of a judgement day when they will be assessed on how virtuously they have lived and what success they have had in their lives. Okay, let’s move on. You might ask â€Å"how do these time zones affect our lives? † Well, let’s start at the beginning. Everyone is brought into this world as a present hedonist. No exceptions. Our initial needs and demands – to be warm, secure, fed and watered – all stem from the present moment. But things change when we enter formal education – we’re taught to stop existing in the moment and to begin thinking about future outcomes. But, did you know that every nine seconds a child in the USA drops out of school? For boys, the rate is much higher than for girls. We could easily say â€Å"Ah, well, boys just aren’t as bright as girls† but the evidence doesn’t support this. A recent study states that boys in America, by the age of twenty one, have spent 10,000 hours playing video games. The research suggests that they’ll never fit in the traditional classroom because these boys require a situation where they have the ability to manage their own learning environment. Now, let’s look at the way we do prevention education. All prevention education is aimed at a future time zone. We say â€Å"don’t smoke or you’ll get cancer†, â€Å"get good grades or you won’t get a good job†. But with present-orientated kids that just doesn’t work. Although they understand the potentially negative consequences of their actions, they persist with the behaviour because they’re not living for the future; they’re in the moment right now. We can’t use logic and it’s no use reminding them of potential fall-out from their decisions or previous errors of judgment – we’ve got to get in their minds just as they’re about to make a choice. Time perspectives make a big difference in how we value and use our time. When Americans are asked how busy they are, the vast majority report being busier than ever before. They admit to sacrificing their relationships, personal time and a good night’s sleep for their success. Twenty years ago, 60% of Americans had sit-down dinners with their families, and now only 20% do. But when they’re asked what they would do with an eight-day week, they say â€Å"Oh that’d be great†. They would spend that time labouring away to achieve more. They’re constantly trying to get ahead, to get toward a future point of happiness. So, it’s really important to be aware of how other people think about time. We tend to think: â€Å"Oh, that person’s really irresponsible† or â€Å"That guy’s power hungry† but often what we’re looking at is not fundamental differences of personality, but really just different ways of thinking about time. Seeing these conflicts as differences in time perspective, rather than distinctions of character, can facilitate more effective cooperation between people and get the most out of each person’s individual strengths. Narrator: That is the end of section 4. You now have half a minute to check your answers. [30 seconds] That is the end of the listening test. You now have 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the listening answer sheet. 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Financial Risk Management for Theory & Practice- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theFinancial Risk Management for Theory Practice. Answer: The current and quick ratios are the liquidity ratios which reflect the position of companys liquidity. Having high ratios indicate that the organization is performing well and is able to meet its short term financial obligations easily and quickly. Considering the data provided for FV Ltd., the statement given by CFO is correct as it can be seen that there is a constant increase in the current ratio of the company and in 2017 it was 1.33 which was more than that of in 2016 and 2015. Also the ratio is more than the industry average of 1.25. Hence, it implies that the company has improved its liquidity position with high liquid assets. Also the quick ratio of the FV Ltd is almost equal to the industry average, which means the company is able to pay off its current liabilities with its quick assets (Tracy, 2012). The working capital management of FV is analysed through its inventory turnover ratio and the collection period of receivables. Company has a high and increasing ITR, which means it is very much efficient in managing its inventories. However, the collection period has increased over the year but is less than industry average. This means company has a better management of its working capital (Sagner, 2010). Beta is basically a measure of a systematic risk of a security or portfolio, in comparison to the whole market. It is the most important variable used in CAPM calculation. Companys beta is 2.1 which means it is more than 2 times as volatile as the overall market. In other words, it will give more returns than the market (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2013). A systematic risk is a market risk which consist of day to fay fluctuations in the stock price of the company. This risk cannot be reduced through diversification. On the other hand, unsystematic risk is the diversifiable risk which is associated with the company in which the investment is made. It can be minimized through diversification. The currency derivatives such as forward, futures, options and swap can be used for the purpose of hedging. One of the strategy is hedging through options. In this, one can buy a call option and sell the put option or vice-versa. This technique directly helps in protecting the portfolio, specifically the equity portfolio. Another strategy is Hedging through structures. Under this one portion of the portfolio is invested in debt and other in derivatives. Debt portion makes the portfolio stable whereas, derivatives prevents from downside risk (eFinanceManagement.com, n.d.). References Tracy, A., (2012).Ratio analysis fundamentals: how 17 financial ratios can allow you to analyse any business on the planet. RatioAnalysis. net. Brigham, E.F. and Ehrhardt, M.C., (2013).Financial management: Theory practice. 15th ed. USA: Cengage Learning. eFinanceManagement.com. (n.d.).Hedging| Hedging Example, Hedging Types, Hedging strategies. [Online] Available at: https://efinancemanagement.com/derivatives/hedging#Hedging_through_Options [Accessed 24 March 2018]. Sagner, J., (2010).Essentials of working capital management (Vol. 55). New Jersey: John Wiley Sons.